Fiberglass cooling tower
Fiberglass cooling tower
Fiberglass cooling tower is a type of cooling or cooling tower with composite or fiberglass body. The fiberglass cooling tower (fiberglass) is a hot water cooling source returned from chillers or industrial machines. Fiberglass cooling tower is an air-cooled water converter that has different types. The hot water in this device is cooled by the ambient air outside. Excess water is drained from the top of the fiberglass cooling tower. The water cooled in the fiberglass tower cooler reduces the temperature to a humid temperature. As a result of the contact process, the water in the cooling tower evaporates. Water evaporation increases the humidity of the exhaust air. The water vapor released from the water is directed to the open air in the form of moisture. There are several types of fiberglass cooling towers, the most widely used being the cubic and conical fiberglass tower.
You may ask, what is fiberglass?
Fiberglass is a type of composite or a combination of several different polymeric materials (resin and adhesive) with glass. Fiberglass is named after the two words fiber: fiber (compressed plastic) and glass and means the combination of polymer with glass. Fiberglass is classified into two categories, frp and grp, and frp stands for fiber reinforced polymer. Fiberglass is composed of a combination of two glass fibers and a special adhesive (resin) and is much more resistant than other polymers due to its combined structure.
Simply put: fiberglass is a type of polymer that is reinforced with glass fibers and has a very high mechanical strength.
Why do we use fiberglass in the structure of the cooling tower ???
At this point, you may be wondering why most of the cooling tower's products today come with a fiberglass body. In response to this, we must say that there are many reasons for the use of fiberglass in the structure of the body of the cooling tower, the most important of which are:
The body does not rust in response to moisture and water
Impermeable to the heat of the sun (especially in summer)
Anti-UV body and lack of sunburn and decay of parts against sunlight
Ability to produce and build in very large capacities in multi-cell
Extremely low precipitation against water-soluble salts
Lightweight fiberglass structure compared to various metals and concrete
Vibration and low vibration of the body due to the bolts and nuts of the connections and the structure of the body
The growth of algae and bacteria in the fiberglass environment is slow.
The very long life of the fiberglass body in the useful life of the cooling tower
Cheaper production and high economic efficiency
Build faster
Easy to move and carry
How low does a fiberglass cooling tower reduce water temperature?
Combining moisture with the ambient air allows the air to reach saturation (humidity 100). Water is also reduced to near the ambient temperature due to the fiberglass cooling tower. The warmer bubble temperature or saturation temperature of different regions and different climates are very different from each other. In environments adjacent to the sea or lake, such as the southern and northern coasts of the country, the relative humidity of the environment is high. Increasing the humidity of the environment will increase the temperature of the saturated air, and as a result, the water output of the cooling tower will have a higher temperature. In other words, the humid air in different parts of the country is very different and the cooling tower has different functions in different parts. All types of fiberglass cooling towers keep the water temperature down to 3 degrees above ambient temperature.
More details on Wet Balt temperature and design conditions in: Cooling tower calculations
Conclusion: In designing and selecting fiberglass tower cooler, considering the conditions of the climatic environment (temperature, humidity, etc.) is very important and vital.
*** The image below shows the specifications of the humid temperature of different regions of Iran in the hot summer peak (August).
Types of fiberglass cooling tower uses
- Fiberglass cooling tower as chiller cooling
In this type of use, fiberglass cooling towers are generally used with white-collar circuits with white appearance on the back of buildings. The task of the fiberglass cooling tower is to cool the chiller condenser water in the engine room. Chiller cooling tower is often used more than industrial use. The increasing use of central air conditioning systems in buildings makes the use of cooling power more useful in this use. In some cases, fiberglass or composite towers are offered as disassembly. If a building is not able to accommodate this equipment, the fiberglass cooling tower is sent as a disassembly and assembled at the building site.
More details: Chiller cooling tower
- Fiberglass cooling tower in industrial machine cooling
In the industrial use of the cooling tower with fiberglass body, this equipment has been very popular in various industries today. Due to the high performance and efficiency of fiberglass tower cooling tower, in most industries today, different types of fiberglass cooling towers with cubic or rectangular structures are used. Refrigeration adjustment systems are widely used in the country due to industrial conditions. Today, the manufacturing industry is more active than ever compared to the construction industry. In the manufacturing industry, the most important principle is uninterrupted production. One of the advantages of fiberglass cooling, power supply and maintenance is easy and convenient. With this advantage, the manufacturing industry will continue to operate with the highest efficiency.
More details: Industrial cooling tower
How to cool water in a fiberglass cooling tower
Cooling of water by heat transfer:
The water cooled in the fiberglass cooling tower by the cold outside air loses heat in two basic ways. The first method is due to the difference between the temperature of the hot water and the outside air, which is called the refrigerated heat transfer. Due to the phenomenon of cooling heat transfer in the fiberglass cooling tower, the water cools according to the amount of aeration and the size of the ambient temperature. The more air volume we can put in contact with water, the higher the refrigerant transfer rate. In many cases, this temperature decreases in hot seasons as the dry temperature rises and the ambient temperature approaches the hot water temperature.
Cooling of water by sensing heat transfer:
The second method is to reduce the water temperature in the fiberglass tower cooling, evaporating and releasing the noticeable heat of the water. In fact, to evaporate a percentage of the hot water flow, heat is needed, which is taken from the water flow itself. After evaporation, water enters the incoming dry air in the form of vapors and is saturated. The lower the humidity, the more noticeable the heat will be from the water and the cooler the water will be. Because of this, the performance of fiberglass cooling towers in dry environments (low humidity) is better. Sensitive heat is always higher than the amount of heat that is transferred based on the difference in temperature.
Different components of fiberglass cooling tower
- 1- Main panels or frame:
Panels are the main walls of the fiberglass cooling body. Panels can be modularly connected to other parts and form the final frame.
- 2. Column or side frame:
The column is connected to the panels on one side and to Bissin and Louvre on the other. The main weight of the fan deck or fan stack is divided by a column on the structure.
- 3-Bisin or Tashtak Save:
The basin is located at the bottom of the cooling tower. Cold water collects in pans or basins after passing through the packings. This cold water collected by the circulator pump enters the cooling circuit.
- 4. Louvre or air inlet shutters:
The Louvre is located in the air inlet section as a blade. The fan's suction air is directed from these valves into the cooling tower. Louvre is often used in two types of honeycombs or blades in the cooling tower.
- 5-fan deck or air outlet chamber:
The air outlet throat (Fan Deck) is placed in a chimney-like compartment at the top. The warm air and the saturation output from this section is directed to the outside environment. The fan deck acts as a divergent cone at the top of the tower.
- 6- Supporting palletrogen supports:
The new generation of fiber or composite components is the Paletrogen process. Palletrogenic parts are produced in the form of cans or angles of fiber and resin material (fiberglass). These parts have replaced metal supports in the cooling tower.
Types of models produced by fiberglass cooling tower
Fiberglass refrigeration systems are divided into one general classification into two subcategories: open circuit and closed circuit. Depending on the type of use, its CCTV cooling systems are divided into two categories, hybrid and dry. CCTV towers have less water consumption or no water consumption at all compared to the open type. Due to the collision of air with water under the surface of the intermediate contact (coil) evaporation does not occur in the cooling, fiberglass power supplies. CCTV systems cool water without evaporation and sedimentation, and continuous open systems cool water by creating steam. Non-formation of sedimentary layers in condenser heat exchangers is one of the most important advantages of CCTV cooling tower.
The CCTV fiberglass cooling tower is divided into two categories: opposite and cross current. The appearance of the cross-flowing crossover or cross-flow is usually rectangular. The counterclockwise model is also produced in cubic or round form. Cubic models are more widely used due to their optimal water distribution system and high efficiency. Cold water in cubic refrigeration systems is reduced to a lower temperature due to its higher height. The cold water outlet temperature of the cubic power fiberglass coil is three degrees higher than the ambient temperature. In circular systems, the temperature of the cold water decreases by about 5 degrees above the ambient saturation temperature.
We can briefly describe the classification of the fiberglass cooling tower as follows.
A) Open circuit type fiberglass cooling tower
- 1. The opposite current of the cube
- 2. Opposite cone current
- 3. Cross current or Abara design
B) Fiberglass type drywall cooling tower
C) Hybrid fiberglass cooling tower hybrid type
How to produce fiberglass cooling tower
first stage:
Molding fiberglass body parts
The most basic step in producing a cooling tower is to make the body parts. The fiberglass body of the cooling tower, as mentioned, has different components. The various components of the fiberglass body are produced separately in the initial stage by molding. Each fiberglass component has a specific shape and size.
second stage:
Payment and baking of fiberglass body parts
After molding the parts of the body, we separate the parts from the inside of the mold. We expose the fiberglass parts of the cooling tower to sunlight for a certain period of time. Sunlight causes the resin to mature and thicken in the inner tissue of the fiberglass. After the cooking process is completed, the body parts of the cooling tower are polished by sunlight.
third level:
Manufacture of metal parts for cooling towers by turning machines
The metal components of the cooling tower include the reduction of the speed-fan or impeller-sprinkler and the engine and fan maintenance parts. The metal components are each produced by lathes and casting machines. The process of molding, casting, turning and balancing are the main steps in the construction of this section.
Step 4:
Production of plastic parts by injection machine or extruder
The plastic or polymer parts of the cooling tower are: nozzle, dripper, pipe, belt clamp and packing media. Each of these polymer parts is produced in specific molds by plastic injection machines. Some plastic parts are produced in the form of polymer sheets. These sheets are connected to another molding machine by a pimple or glue bond. After connecting the sheets, the dropper and packing are used as blocks inside the cooling tower.
Step 5:
Assemble and assemble the parts together
This is the final step in the production of fiberglass cooling towers. Assembling or assembling parts together requires an explosive plan. The device's explosive map is usually provided to the production unit before the assembly process. The production and assembly unit assembles the device according to the explosive map. The final assembly of the cooling tower can be done at the factory or at the project site.
The overall structure of fiberglass in the cooling tower
The main reason for naming this refrigeration machine is the composite structure of the body parts. Fiberglass (FRP) stands for Fiber Resistance Polymer. FRP fiberglass means polymer-resistant fiber or glass structure. The fiberglass body used in the cooling tower is a body reinforced with fiberglass and polymers or resins. Resin is the main texture of adhesive-like composite parts. Resins are used as polymers in this compound. Fiberglass also strengthens the fiberglass composition in the cooling tower. The combination of fiberglass or polymer fibers is found today in a variety of FRP and GRP fiberglass. The type of fibers and resin used in fiberglass has the greatest impact on the final quality of this product. Erosive, needle and mat fibers are the most common fibers in composite parts production. In the cooling tower, a combination of different fibers and resins is used to strengthen the strength of the body.
Straw fibers increase the compressive strength of the structure, and needle fibers are more resistant to tensile stresses. The combination of these two glass fibers with filler or powder fibers (erosive) increases the final strength. In addition to the type of fiber, the final strength of the composite in the cooling tower also depends on the resin model. Unsaturated polyester resins are the most widely used type of resin in the production of composite cooling towers. Unsaturated polyester resins are divided into isofetal and orthofetal categories. Most cooling tower manufacturers use orthopedic-type resins in the structure of composite body parts. The main difference between the two resins is the type of polymeric texture and the cooking time. The final strength of the cooling tower body with isofetal is greater than that of orthofetal.
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